PEMULIHAN DAN PENINGKATAN KEADAAN SUNGAI USM

Cara Mengatasi Keadaan Sungai di USM

Jeram kecil akan direka di bahagian air sungai mengalir masuk ke sempadan USM. Tujuan jeram adalah untuk mengurangkan kelajuan air sungai apabila air hujan mengalir masuk ke bahagian kaki bukit. Selain itu, ia juga digunakan untuk membentuk bunyi aliran jeram .

Tanaman thyhfa angustifolia dan Nymphaea Cultivars (water lily) akan dicadangkan di tapak cadangan.

Jejantas akan dirobohkan dan digantikan dengan batu. Batu-batu akan dijadikan sebagai laluan lalu-lalang bagi para pelajar dan pengguna. Batu-batan yang daicadangkan di dalam sungai akan membekalkan makanan kepada ikan. “Plankton” akan tumbuh di celah-celah batu dan menjadi makanan kepada ikan-ikan di dalam sungai.

“River Stram Walk Way” mempunyai dua kegunaannya tersendiri. Kegunaan pertamanya ialah dijadikan sebagai laluan pejalan kaki kepada para pelajar. Kegunaan kedua ialah dijadikan sebagai laluan joging kepada para pelajar. Tujuan pembinaan “River Stream Walk Way” adalah untuk menyampaikan mesej kepada para penggunan tentang kepentingan melakukan senaman untuk menjamin kesihatan.

“River Stram Walk” juga dijadikan sebagai tempat istirehat begi para pelajar. Perbincangan dan pembelajaran bolah dilakukan di kawasan ini. “River Stram Walk” juga disambungkan dengan Tasik Aman dan Tasik Harapan. Oleh itu aktiviti-aktiviti rekreasi dapat dilaksanakan di sini seperti kayak, joging, penyuapan ikan dan berkelah pada waktu senja.

Gamba rajah di bawah menunjukkan pandangan perspektif "Green River Stream Walk".

Pelan Induk Keseluruhan Sungai Dan Tasik

"River Stream Walk" dijadikan sebagai laluan jalan kaki bagi para pelajar di USM

"River Stream Walk" dijadikan sebagai laluan senaman di USM

Cadangan “Green River Stream Walk”

Cadangan “Green River Stream Walk”

Pemuliha dan pemeliharaan sungai merupakan salah satu konsep yang melibatkan kefahaman terhadap sistem semulajadi. Kualiti air sungai merupakan kombinasi ciri-ciri kimia, fizikal dan biologi. Keadaan fizikal sungai mempunyai nilai habitat yang tersendiri. Kualiti air sungai juga menentukan nilai di sekitar kawasan sungai. Biasanya sungai mengadungi beberapa jenis cirri iaitu watershed, riparian corridor, stream banks, river channel, riverbed and stream flow. Ciri-ciri ini menentukan kejayaan nilai di kawasan sungai.

Bagi menjayakan cadangan ini, keadaan sungai harus dalam keadaan bagus. Oleh itu, aktiviti-aktiviti fizikal pemeriksaan dan pemerhatian digunakan untuk menilai keadaan sungai.
1. Bau – pencemaran semulajadi atau pengaruh manusia
2. Aliran - bagaimana dan berapa banyak air mengalir dalam saluran
3. Warna – bagi menentukan pencemaran
4. Alga – kehadiran atau tiada
5. Kekeruha – kejelasan keadaan air
6. Minyak – kehadiran atau tiada
7. Sampah-sarap – kehadiran dan tiada

Menurut kajian yang dibuat, keadaan sungai di USM dalam keadaan yang baik. Walau bagaimanapun, kerja-kerja penyelewengan harus dibuat bagi menjamin kualiti sungai dalam keadaan yang baik. Pencemaran yang terdapat di kawasan sungai adalah akibat daripada pembuatan manusia. Namun, kes ini dapat diatasi dengan kaedah undang-undang atau cara rekabentuk yang dibuat. Keadaan air sungai yang jelas dapat menjumpai tumbuhan aquatic dan ikan-ikan berenang. Selain itu, kawasan ini juga dikelilingi tumbuhan hijau dengan kanopi yang luas dapat menjamin nilai kualiti di sekitar sungai. Dengan adanya sumber-sumber semulajadi ini dapat menarik perhatian habitat-habitat untuk menetap di kawasan ini dan meningkatkan sumber ekologi.

“River Walk” merupakan rangkaian lorong pejalan kaki di sepanjang sungai. Di luar negara “River Walk” sangat popular. Contohnya di San Antonia,, USA. Di sepanjang sungai San Antonia ini menyediakan aktiviti dan tempat kedai-kedai seperti bar, restoran, shopping mall, hotel, theme park, nightclubs dan lain-lain untuk menarik para pelancong.

-The San Antonio River Walk-

-Casa Rio in San Antonio-

Di negara Korean, “River Walk” juga sangat popular. Cheonggyecheon terletak di Seoul dan merupakan sebuah bandar yang mempunyai taman rekreasi yang moden. Pembinaan projek pembaharuan di bandar Cheonggyecheon iaitu “Cheonggye Stream in downtown Seoul” telah menggalakkan banyak pelancong dan penduduk tempatan.

-Cheonggyecheon River Walk-

-The Night View-

-Batu dijadikan sebagai laluan sungai-

-Penggunaan Lampu Hiasan untuk Menambahkan Suasanan-

Cadangan “Green River Stream Walk” di USM.

Tujuan candangan ini adalah untuk memberi dedahan kepada orang ramai tentang kesedaran dan kehadiran tumbuhan dan binatang yang menetap berhampiran dengan sungai dan kawasan hijau. Selain itu, ia juga menggalakkan para pelajar melakukan senaman bagi menjamin kesihatan.

Pengunanan konsep “natural” digunakan dalam rekabentuk ini. Curvilinear akan digunakan dalam design approach ini. Tujuan pengunaan konsep “natural” adalah untuk menonjolkan dan meningkatkan lagi keadaan semulajadi di sekitar kawasan ini.
Dari segi rekabentuk dan elemen yang terdapat di “Green River Stream Walk” ialah tempat bejalan kaki dan “jogging trek” di sepanjang sungai ke Tasik Aman dan Tasik Harapan.

Selain itu, wakaf-wakaf akan dibina di sekitar sungai sebagai tempat berehat atau tempat perbincangan untuk para pelajar. Kuliah-kuliah luar juga boleh diadakan di kawasan ini bagi mengelakkan kebosanan di dalam kuliah yang formal.

Lampu-lampu buatan dan hiasan akan dibina untuk meningkatkan imej kecantikan “Green River Stream Walk”

PROPOSED AN ORIENTAL GARDEN IN TASIK USM

Oriental Garden
Proposed an Oriental Garden in Tasik USM. An Oriental Garden would appear to be element of an informal garden but in a reality Oriental Garden is a very purposeful spatial arrangement with shrubs, trees, rocks and garden element. An Oriental Garden constantly changing views as one walks from space to space, coupled with thoughtfully placed water, plants and rocks to convey visual serenity. An Oriental Garden fully of deep meanings and symbolism.

In western Oriental Garden, a gardener will use colorful flower and shrubs to design an Oriental Garden. In Asian, gardeners concentrate on the using rock, stone, trees, plants, bridge, water and waterfall. In Traditional Oriental style garden containing maples, pines, and bamboo pruned in the traditional Bonsai style.

An oriental garden requires four basic elements that is water, light, earth and air. Water can be incorporated in various ways like from creating a pond to adding a wooden bucket filled with water to reflect light and provide a feeling of tranquility. Add light with electric lamps or candles, or reflect light from shiny surfaces. Earth is represented by rocks and plants. Air can be represented with open branch patterns that allow you to view the sky.

The purpose of an Oriental Garden is to capture nature and become a quite place for refection or meditation.
Design Concept

In this proposal, rectilinear-45 design approach is choosing to design an Oriental Garden in USM. A rectilinear-45 design approach introduces vertical, horizontal, and 45-degree lines on a square grid. The characteristics of rectilinear-45 design approach is dynamic, active, exciting, bold, intense, jagged, strong, vigorous, various, tense, fast, and connecting.

The concept of Oriental Garden in USM is “Concentrative”. “Concentrative” means focusing on an object or giving attention and thinking. The purposes using “Concentrative” as a concept in this design is to create a focus point or a landmark of USM. Concept “Concentrative” is to encourage students to enjoy a nature views and to release pressure or stress. It is welcoming everyone to this garden. It is also a centre point for gathering, meeting, and discussion.

In the design, Tasik USM will divide into 2 categories. First is relaxing area or education area in Tasik Aman and second is activity area in Tasik Harapan. The design relaxing area in Tasik Aman is more to nature view and relaxing. Rock garden, floating gazebo and Relaxing garden are in Tasik Aman. Activity like canoe, flying fox and play ground are in Tasik Harapan.


Arrangment in Tasik USM
Construct floating gazebo in the central Tasik Aman is for viewing bird and fish feeding. Tasik Aman is a good location to construct floating gazebo. According to the source from Library II, Bahagian Arkit-A thesis done by Mohd Faizul Bin Desa (Kajian Komuniti Burung di Tasik USM, Minden. Tasik Aman has 50 species of birds and divides into 2 group. One is migrant and another one is permanent residential. With this 50 species bird, Tasik Aman is a potensial place to be a bird sanctuary for viewing and reasearch.

Construction material for floating gazebo is without any kind of zinc material. Natural material will be use to construction the gazebo. Wood and atap nipah is the best material to construct the floating gazebo and the base construction of gazebo is concrete.



The design of Rock garden with paving is to balance the greenish area in Tasik Aman. The greenish area is empty and without any canopy of the tree and very hot when under the sunny day. To recover this problem, designing rock garden with paving is to balance the greenish color.



Proposed a Relaxing garden Behind the Hostel Fajar Harapan. This garden can be a several function like seating area, discussion area and outdoor education area.



In Tasik Harapan will propose an activity area. The activity area proposed in Tasik Harapan is because Tasik Harapan is near to the mosque area with many people when in praying time. Children can enjoy they time while they parent in the mosque. In the evening time most of USM students and children will have fun in here with football and others activity.

Case Study: The "Red Ribbon" Park

The “Red Ribbon” – Tanghe River Park

Location: Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, China
Size: 20ha
Date of Design: Oct 2005- 2008
Date Complete: May 2008
Owner/Client: The Landscape Bureau, Qinghuangdao City, Hebei Province, China
Award: 2007 ASLA Design Honor Award, 1st Prize (National Competition)
Designer: Kongjian Yu, Ling Shihong, Chen Chen

Description The “Red Ribbon” Park-

Tang He River Park site is a river corridor at outskirts of the fast developing city Qinghuang Dao, with lush vegetation and diverse species but occupied by deserted irrigation structures and garbage dumps.

The city outward wave of real estate development is likely to take over this ecological oasis and replace with channeled riverbanks and a shining marble urban square, similar to what has already built on the adjacent of the same river corridor.
The challenging of this project is to protect the good ecological condition of this site and ensure safety “hygiene” (cleanness) accessibility and attractiveness allowing people to use the site as an urban park.

In facing this challenge, Turenscape taking a minimum design approach, integrating ecological principles with modern art. A “Red Ribbon” made by steel was introduced across the whole area parallel to the river and penetrates through the willow grave. The “Red Ribbon” providing seating, environment interpretation, lighting and displaying of native plants.

At night the fiber-steel bench glows from inside like a strange nocturnal alien protects the park. The “Red Ribbon” park also calling as “a celebration integrating artistic elements into a natural landscape in an ingenious way.” It is good park for recreational uses but for educational uses as well in the process getting people to experience nature and not only attractive but also to inspiring.

-Winter View-

-Winter View-

-Sunset View-

-Daily Activity at "Red Ribbon" Park-

-Gathering Area-

-Night View-

Case study River Wensum, Fakenham

River Wensum, Fakenham - Rehabilitation Project

River Wensum is lowland rivers which rises to the west Fakenham and flow through agricultural land and joining to River Yare at Norwich. In the centre of Fakenham have an area public space adjacent to the river Wensum for used by public for fishing and dog walking. Bank erosion river Wensum occurred over 130m from section. The main reason bank erosion is Wensum due to over graving and trampling by duck.

The objective River Wensum is to carry out bank revetment using bio-engineering techniques to prevent erosion of the bank and provided platforms allowing disable people and anglers to access the river.

The element work undertaken including the installation of coir mattresses and coin rolls, while 6 fishing platforms are constructing out of timber board to give access to the river.